Pendulum level and plumb



(No Model.)

' J. WINKELMANN.' PENDLUM LEVEL AND PLUME.

No. 469,430. l Patented Feb. 23', 1892.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JOHN VINKELMANN, OF MILVAUKEE, lVISOONSIN.

PENDULUNI LEVEL AND PLUIVIB.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 469,430, dated February 23,1892.

Application filed March 4, 1891. Serial No. 383,740. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may conceive:

Be it known that I, JOHN WINKELMANN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of lVisconsin, have invented a new and useful Level, of which the` following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of levels which are provided with weighted pendulums adapted to indicate automatically and by the force of gravity thedellection from the level or plumb; and it has for its object to provide a device of thisclass which shall possess superior advantages in point of simplicity, durability, and general efficiency.

With these ends in view the invention consists in the improved construction, arrangement, and combination of parts, which will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings hereto annexed, Figure 1 is a perspective viewof a levelconstructedin accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a part sectional side elevation of the device with one side removed to expose the interior construction. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3 3 in Fig. 2. Fig. et is a transverse sectional View taken on the line 4 4 in Fig'. 2.

Like numerals of reference indicate like p parts in all the igures.

1 designates a suitable box or casing, which is provided with interior transversely arranged pins 2 and 3, both of which are provided with k nif e-ed ges, in order to afford bearings for the levers or pendulums 4 and 5, the former of which is arranged longitudinally and the latter transversely in` the casing. The said pins are provided with screw-threaded ends, by means of which they are mounted in one side of the casing, the opposite ends being pointed, as shown at 6, to engage the opposite side of the casin fr. The screw-threaded ends of the said pins are provided with transverse notches 7, which may be readily engaged by a screw-driver for the purpose of adjusting the said pins when necessary to the proper position, and the screw-threaded ends of said pins are normally covered by means of a plate S, secured to the side of the casing by means of a screw 9, in order to prevent the said pins from being accidentally displaced. The lower ends of the pendulums 4 and 5 are provided with weights 10 of suitable size and shape to cause the said pendulums to assume normallya vertical position. The upper ends of the said pendulums are bifurcated, as shown at 12.

The interior of the box or casing is provided with guide-strips 13 of metal, arranged transversely to the pendulums near the lower ends of the latter, in order to avoid undue friction of said pendulums against the sides of the casing. A staple, as shown at 14., may also be arranged transversely across vthe longer pendulum 4, in order to prevent the same from rattling in the casing.

The box or casing is provided near its upper end with a transverse strip or indicator 15, suitably secured and which is straddled by the bifurcated upper end of the pendulum et. rlhe indicating-strip 15 is provided with marks 16 to indicate the plumb and various degrees of deflection from the same. The said indicating-strip, as well as the upper end of the pendulum 4, is visible through glasses 17, that cover openings 1S in both sides of the casing. The said glasses may be secured in position by means of exterior rings 19, of brass or other suitable material.

One edge of the casing is provided with a metallic box 20, having slots or openings 21, into which the bifurcated end of the pendulum 5 is extended. Transversely across the said slots are formed marks 22 to indicate the level and various degrees of deflection therefrom. A pivoted or sliding cover 23 is provided to normally cover the slots or openings 21 and to prevent foreign matter from entering the casing.

The edge of the casing opposite to that having the box 20 is provided with transverse metallic strips 24, mounted in dovetailed grooves 25 and serving as wear-plates to enable the level to be used for brick-laying and similar rough work without danger of being injured in such a manner as to interfere with its accuracy.

The operation of this invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which it pertains from the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings IOO hereto annexed. The'eonstruction is exceedingly simple and inexpensive and the apparatus is certain in its operation, as Well as very accurate. The pivotal pins upon Which the levers or pendulums are mounted are provided With knife-edges, as described, thus rendering the said pendulums exceedingly Vsensitive. If by any accident the said pins should become displaced, they may be readily restored by the use of an ordinary screw-driver, the covering-plate being meanwhile removed to render vtheir notched endsaccessible.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United Statesl. In a level of theclass described, the combination'of the casing,,theknife-edgedpivotal pins-having screw-threaded ends mounted in one-sideof thec-asing and provided with transverseznotch'es, and the levers or pend ulnms mounted upon said pins, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. AIn `a level of the class described, the' combination :of a -boxor casing, the knife-edgedpinshaving pointed endsv engaging one side of the casing,and screw-threaded and transversely-notched ends mountedin the opposite side. voflsad casing, and the levers or pendulumsmounted upon said pins,.substantially as and for vthe purpose set'forthg.l

3. In a level of the class described, the combination of the, knife-edged pins having screwthreaded f and transversely notched ends mounted in vone side of the casing, the cover-; ing platewmounted detachably v over the notched .ends of'said pinsand the levers or pendulurnsmounted upon-the latter, .substantially `as .and .for the purpose i set forth.

4. l In a level of the class described,.the combination ofthebox or easingthe transverse stripor indicator Varranged near the v.upper endof'the same and having suitablem'arka,

the lever having a bifurcat'edend st-raddling or `pendulums, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In a level of the class herein described, the combination, with the box or casing and the knife-edged pivotal pins mounted adjustably in the side of said casing, of the levers or pendulums `having bifurcated ends, a transverse stripA or indica-tor 'arranged between thesight-glasses at the upper endof the casing for thebifurcated end of one pend-' ulum, andfthe boxmountedupon'one edge y of the casing and having .slots to lreceive the bifurcated end of the other pendulumysub-I stantially as and for the purpose set fort-h,y 7. In a level of the class described,.the combination, with vthe. box .or-casing, of` a transversely-arran gedlever or pend ulum having a bifureafted upper end, the box attached to one edge of the casing and having slotszto-receive' the bifurcated end ofsaid pendulnm,'anda vslide or cover pivotedupon thesa'idbo-x, sub-1 stantially as and for the purpose set forth.f;. 8. Ina level of the class described, .thecombinationz, with thebox :orv casingihaving the levers 'or pendulums, of zthe strips or wear-V plates mounted 1n dovetailed grooves in onel edge of the said casing, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.:

, In testimony that I claim the foregoing asiny own I have heretoy affixed my signature in presence of two Witnesses.,

JOI-IN WINKELMANN.-

t, Witnesses:-

JOHN SCHMITT,

DAVID SCHELLER. 

